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Prostaglandin analogs mechanism: Latanoprost, bimatoprost increase uveoscleral outflow lowering intraocular pressure. Reduces mechanical stress on optic nerve. Cornerstone glaucoma treatment preventing progression in most patient…
Loading phase rationale: Higher initial doses or more frequent administration rapidly achieving therapeutic tissue concentrations. Once established, reduce to maintenance dosing sustaining levels. Common in peptide protocols, 4-8…
Anti-VEGF mechanism: Bevacizumab (Avastin), ranibizumab (Lucentis), aflibercept (Eylea) bind VEGF preventing receptor binding. Blocks pathological neovascularization in wet AMD and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Directly inh…
Dexamethasone and triamcinolone mechanisms: Broad immunosuppression through glucocorticoid receptors. Suppress multiple inflammatory pathways simultaneously. Very effective for retinal inflammation (uveitis, macular edema) but si…
Sequential approach: Start single peptide establishing baseline response and tolerability. Add second peptide after 4-8 weeks if initial response inadequate or wanting additional benefits. Allows identifying which peptide providi…
AREDS2 mechanism: Vitamins C, E, zinc, copper, lutein, zeaxanthin provide direct antioxidant effects. Vitamin C and E scavenge free radicals. Lutein and zeaxanthin absorb blue light and provide local macular antioxidant activity.…