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When Might LL-37 Show Anti-Inflammatory Versus Pro-Inflammatory Effects?
LL-37 may reduce some inflammatory responses, such as certain lipopolysaccharide-driven pathways, while enhancing immune activation in other settings by forming complexes with host DNA or RNA [15], [16], [17]. This context-dependent activity is why the anti-in
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- LL-37 may reduce some inflammatory responses, such as certain lipopolysaccharide-driven pathways, while enhancing immune activation in other settings by forming complexes with host DNA or RNA [15], [16], [17]. This context-dependent activity is why the anti-inflammatory effect of LL-37 cannot be generalized across diseases.
- For example, LL-37 can be involved in protective barrier defense while also contributing to inflammatory circuits in psoriasis models [16], [17]. The same host defence peptide can therefore appear beneficial or harmful depending on concentration, tissue, receptor context, and disease biology.