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Syngeneic vs Xenograft Models
Syngeneic murine tumour models (LLC, B16-F10, CT26, 4T1) in immunocompetent hosts are the appropriate model for research addressing tumour immune surveillance biology — because immune-mediated mechanisms (CD8+ T cells, NK cells, M1/M2 TAM polarisation) require
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- Syngeneic murine tumour models (LLC, B16-F10, CT26, 4T1) in immunocompetent hosts are the appropriate model for research addressing tumour immune surveillance biology — because immune-mediated mechanisms (CD8+ T cells, NK cells, M1/M2 TAM polarisation) require an intact immune system. Xenograft models (human cancer cells in nude/SCID mice) are appropriate for studying tumour-cell-intrinsic biology (AMPK-mTOR, MMP-TIMP, cell cycle) in isolation from immune contributions. All research in these models must include: vehicle-treated tumour control; positive pharmacological control (bevacizumab for anti-VEGF; anti-PD-1 for immune biology; cisplatin for general anti-tumour reference); and the relevant receptor/pathway inhibitor controls for mechanistic attribution. Tumour volume must be measured by caliper twice weekly with the ellipsoid formula (V = L × W² × 0.5); end-point tumour weight; histology: H&E, Ki-67 IHC (proliferation), TUNEL (apoptosis), CD31+ IHC (microvessel density), CD8+ and