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Peptides for Female Sexual Health: Research Compound Comparison
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) Melanocortin receptor agonist in hypothalamus. Increases dopaminergic arousal signalling MC3/MC4 receptors in medial preoptic area FDA-approved for HSDD in premenopausal women (RECONNECT trial, n=1,267) Most robust clinical evidence; nau
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- PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
- Melanocortin receptor agonist in hypothalamus. Increases dopaminergic arousal signalling
- MC3/MC4 receptors in medial preoptic area
- FDA-approved for HSDD in premenopausal women (RECONNECT trial, n=1,267)
- Most robust clinical evidence; nausea in 40% at first dose limits tolerability
- Oxytocin
- Enhances limbic connectivity and peripheral smooth muscle contraction in genital tissue
- Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in amygdala, nucleus accumbens, vaginal/clitoral tissue
- Mixed results in trials; intranasal delivery achieves <1% CNS penetration
- Promising for pair-bonding and orgasmic intensity but requires optimized delivery
- Kisspeptin-10
- Stimulates GnRH release → LH/FSH secretion → ovarian oestrogen synthesis
- KISS1R (GPR54) on GnRH neurons in arcuate nucleus
- Early-phase trials (n<50) show fMRI-confirmed limbic activation during sexual cues
- Indirect mechanism via HPG axis priming; effects accumulate over weeks, not hours
- Melanocortin II (MTII)
- Broader melanocortin agonist (MC1–MC5). Similar arousal effect to PT-141 but higher side effect burden
- MC1, MC3, MC4, MC5 receptors
- Preclinical only; no human female sexual health trials published
- Non-selective receptor binding causes skin darkening (MC1) and cardiovascular effects (MC5)