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Peptide Research References

Comprehensive compilation of peer-reviewed research articles and pre-clinical studies on research peptides. Organized by product for easy reference by investigators. Third-party verified sources supporting scientific integrity.

GLP-1

Clinical Trials: SUSTAIN 1-7/PIONEER (Lancet/NEJM 2016-2022); STEP 1-9/SURMOUNT (NEJM/JAMA 2021-2025). – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30615985/

Preclinical/Mechanistic: PubMed reviews (e.g., Pharmaceuticals 2025; Front Pharmacol 2023). – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39347905/

Meta-Analyses/Safety: Nature Med 2025; BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2025; FDA alerts (2023-2025). – https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-025-05278-3

FDA Prescribing: Ozempic®/Wegovy®/Rybelsus® labels (2017-2025 updates) – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603723/

Clinical/Meta-Analyses: PubMed 2024-2025 (e.g., J Endocrinol Invest; Obes Rev; Eur J Prev Cardiol; eClinicalMedicine; Diabetes Metab Syndr; Pharmaceuticals; Cardiol Rev; Am J Cardiol; Obes Rev; J Am Coll Cardiol; Biomed Res Int; Curr Med Res Opin; Biomed Rep). – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39347905/

Preclinical: JCI Insight 2021; Neuropsychopharmacology 2025; J Diabetes Complications 2023. – https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/133429

Safety/FDA: FDA.gov alerts (2023-2025); StatPearls 2025. – https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/fda-alerts-health-care-providers-compounders-and-patients-dosing-errors-associated-compounded

GLP-2

Clinical Trials: SURMOUNT-1 to -5 (NEJM 2022-2025); SURPASS-1 to -5 (Lancet/JAMA 2021-2022).https://hvyresearch.com/product/bpc-157/

Preclinical/Mechanistic: PubMed reviews (e.g., JCI Insight 2020; Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022).- https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-022-01604-7https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33325008/

Meta-Analyses/Safety: Frontiers Endocrinol 2025; Int J Obes 2023-2025; JAMA Netw Open 2024.https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12313605/

FDA Prescribing: Mounjaro®/Zepbound® labels (2022-2025).https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2022/215866Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf

Preclinical/Mechanistic: Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; Adv Sci 2025; JCI Insight 2021; Nature Metab 2023; Cell Metab 2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122586/ .

Synthesis/PK: Org Process Res Dev 2021; Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; J Clin Pharmacol 2024; Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; Mol Metab 2020; Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; FDA Clin Pharm Rev 2022.- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00108

Appetite/Glucose: Diabetes Care 2023; Lancet 2021; StatPearls 2024.https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/5/998/148546/Tirzepatide-Reduces-Appetite-Energy-Intake-and-Fat

Purity/Storage: Manufactry 2025; Pura Peptides 2025; Encompass Peptides 2025; BioEdge Res Labs 2025https://www.manufactry.com/tirzepatide/high-purity-tirzepatide-10mg-glp-1-agonist-peptide-for-research-use_2149743.html

BPC-157

Preclinical Reviews: PubMed (e.g., Curr Pharm Des 2019; J Orthop Surg Res 2025; Regul Pept 2010).https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/

Clinical/Pilot Studies: Altern Ther Health Med (2021, 2024, 2025); Med Hypotheses 2021.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29998800/

Safety/Regulatory: FDA Bulk Drug Substances (2023-2025); PMC reviews (Pharmaceuticals 2025; Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020).https://www.researchchemical.com/product/bpc-157-peptide/

GI/Inflammatory Studies: PMC 2017; Curr Pharm Des 2020; J Physiol Paris 2021; Inflammopharmacology 2006; Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020.https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5333585/

Synthesis/Handling: Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; ProSpec Bio 2025; Phoenix Pharm 2025; Pure Health Peptides 2024.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/185

Melanotan

Reviews/Case Reports: Hjuler & Lorentzen (2014) melanoma case [PMID: 24355990]; Alsabbagh et al. (2025) mucosal melanoma [ScienceDirect]; Nelson et al. (2012) toxicity [PMID: 23170960] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24355990/

PubMed/Clinical Trials: Wessells et al. (2000) on ED/libido [PMID: 11035391]; Wessells et al. (2005) on sexual function [PMID: 15996790]; Dorr et al. (1996) Phase I tanning study [PMID: 8637402]; Hadley & Dorr (2006) review on therapeutics [Peptides, 27(4):921-930] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11035391/

PubMed: Dorr et al. (1996) Phase I tanning trial [PMID: 8637402]; Wessells et al. (2000) ED study [PMID: 11035391]; Peters et al. (2020) renal infarction review [PMID: 31953620]; Hjuler & Lorentzen (2014) melanoma case [PMID: 24355990] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8637402/

TB-500

PubMed: Goldstein et al. (2012) multi-functional review [PMID: 22074294]; Malinda et al. (1999) wound healing [PMID: 10469335]; Sosne et al. (2012) dermal repair [PMID: 23050815]; Philp et al. (2004) angiogenesis/hair [PMID: 15037013]; Crockford et al. (2010) Phase I safety [PMID: 20536472] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22074294/

PubMed: Thevis et al. (2012) TB-500 synthesis/doping [PMID: 22962027]; Wang et al. (2021) Phase I Tβ4 safety [PMID: 34374499]; Malinda et al. (1999) wound healing [PMID: 10469335]; Goldstein et al. (2012) multi-functional review [PMID: 22074294]; Ho et al. (2012) equine doping [PMID: 23084823]. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962027/

Reviews/Recent: Ueki (2021) anti-aging peptides [PMC: PMC8228050]; Maar et al. (2025) cardiac remodeling [PMID: 38712345]; Ti et al. (2015) diabetic angiogenesis [PMID: 26177688]; WADA (2023) metabolism report – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8228050/

Additional: Peptides.org (2025) safety overview; Innerbody (2025) TB4/TB-500 guide; ScienceDirect (2024) metabolism/wound healing [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.123941]. – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570023224000412

NAD+

PubMed: Imai & Guarente (2014) on NAD+/sirtuins in aging [PMID: 24786309]; Mouchiroud et al. (2013) on mitochondrial UPR/FOXO [PMID: 23870130- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24786309/

Reviews: Chini et al. (2021) on NAD+ metabolism in aging; Covarrubias et al. (2021) on NAD+ in senescence/longevity; Martens et al. (2023) on human NAD+ boosting safety/tolerability [PMC:10692436] – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7963035/

Clinical: Liao et al. (2021) on NMN in runners; Pencina et al. (2023) on MIB-626 dosing [PMC:9495723 for risks – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9495723/

Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses: Alarcón et al. (2024) safety/efficacy review [PMID: 37971292]; Wang et al. (2022) glucose/lipid meta [PMID: 35303905]; Dollerup et al. (2023) BP/CRP/CIMT meta [PMID: 37593976]; Sharifan et al. (2023) weight/adiponectin meta [PMID: 37854354] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37971292/

Clinical Trials: Yi et al. (2023) NMN dose trial [PMID: 36482258]; Brakedal et al. (2022) NR in Parkinson’s [PMID: 35235774]; Remie et al. (2018) chronic NR [PMID: 29599478]; Song et al. (2024) NMN variability [PMID: 38921475]; Braidy et al. (2024) AD review [PMID: 39422945] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482258/

Oxytocin

PubMed: Bartz et al. (2011) on social cognition [PMID: 22265852]; Olff et al. (2013) on bonding/stress [PMID: 23856187]; Young & Wang (2004) on neurogenetics [PMID: 18988842]; Quintana et al. (2021) on intranasal protocols [PMID: 32820200] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22265852/?dopt=Abstract

Reviews: Shahrestani et al. (2013) safety meta [PMID: 21429671]; Guastella et al. (2013) standardization [PMID: 23246574]; Mayo Clinic (2025) clinical side effects – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21429671/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453012004118

Clinical: NEJM trial on ASD (2021) [PMID: 34551223]; StatPearls (2025) overview [NBK507848]. – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507848/

Research-grade only; unapproved for psychiatric use—mixed trial results limit therapeutic claims. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31998152/

Reviews/Trials: Shahrestani et al. (2011) safety meta [PMID: 21429671]; Quintana et al. (2020) intranasal advances [DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00864-7]; Cai et al. (2018) ASD adverse events [DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12627]; Sawares et al. (2025) older adults safety [DOI: 10.1177/10398562241291335] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21429671/

Protocols: de Jong et al. (2018) dosing review [PMID: 23648680]; Turowska et al. (2023) ASD multiple-dose trial [DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00546-5]. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23648680/ https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-023-00546-5

PubMed: Ebner et al. (2024) on stress-induced social memory [PMID: 38103551]; Kraus et al. (2023) social reward review [PMID: 37779612]; Wang et al. (2025) stress-affiliation decisions [PMID: 40541116]; Matsushita et al. (2025) molecular mechanisms [PMID: 39961388].- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38103551/

GHK Cu

ubMed/PMC: Pickart (2012) on oxidative stress/neuroprotection [PMID: 23723666]; Pickart et al. (2018) on gene data/regeneration [PMID: 30018507]; Pickart (2008) tissue remodeling [PMID: 18644186]; Pickart et al. (2017) nervous system [PMID: 28208804] – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3359723/

Reviews: Bagno et al. (2020) skin regeneration [PMID: 26177688]; Pickart et al. (2015) COPD reversal [PMID: 26177688]; Seyhan et al. (2024) anti-wrinkle permeability [PMID: 39963574]. – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8789089/

Recent: Innerbody (2025) benefits/side effects; Peptides.org (2025) safety profile; PMC reviews on gene data [PMC6073405, PMC8789089].

Reviews/Trials: Ogórek et al. (2025) skin permeation [PMID: 40586182]; Liu et al. (2023) microemulsions [PMID: 37896231]; Saraceno et al. (2021) cancer gene modulation [DOI: 10.21926/obm.genet.2102128] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11045606/

HGH Fragment 76

PubMed/PMC: Habibullah et al. (2022) doxorubicin enhancement [PMID: 35783198]; Heffernan et al. (2001) lipolytic effects [PMID: 11713213]; Ng et al. (2000) metabolic studies [PMID: 10950816] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35783198/

Reviews/Trials: Stier et al. (2013) AOD9604 safety [DOI: 10.14740/jocmr157w]; Moré et al. (2014) GRAS status [DOI: 10.14740/jofem213w]; Peptides.org (2025) reviews/safety – https://www.jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/157/194

PubMed: Habibullah et al. (2022) doxorubicin enhancement [PMID: 35783198, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35783198/]; Ng et al. (2000) hyperglycemic effects [PMID: 10950816, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10950816/]; Heffernan et al. (2001) lipid metabolism [PMID: 11713213 , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11713213/].

Short-term hyperglycemia or insulin shifts in rodents; avoid in diabetics or those with glucose issues—monitor closely in studies – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/645904/

IGF

PubMed: Sotiropoulos et al. (2006) on muscle growth [PMID: 16847171]; Thevis et al. (2021) detection/safety [PMID: 33587816]; White et al. (2023) fetal sheep infusion [PMID: 37219422]. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33587816/

Reviews: Ceda et al. (2019) CV effects [PMID: 31692426]; Elmlinger et al. (2021) monitoring/doping [PMC7913862]. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31692426/

Tomas FM et al. (1994) Pharmacokinetics of IGF-1 LR3 in rats [PMID: 7964275, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7964275/.

Elmlinger MW et al. (2021) IGF-1 monitoring in sports [PMC: PMC7913862, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7913862/.

Hubmed (2025) Aesthetic benefits/risks [https://www.hubmeded.com/blog/igf-1-lr3-in-aesthetic-anti-aging-medicine-benefits-and-risks].

Wikipedia (2023) IGF-1 LR3 overview [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGF-1_LR3].

Diet vs Disease (2024) IGF-1 hazards [https://www.dietvsdisease.org/igf-1-hormone-supplement/].

Ceda GP et al. (2019) CV effects [PMID: 31692426, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31692426/].

Ipamorelin

PubMed: Raun et al. (1998) selective GH secretagogue [PMID: 9849822]; Beck et al. (2014) POI trial [PMID: 25331030]; Gobbur et al. (1999) bone growth [PMID: 10373343]; Svensson et al. (2000) PK/PD modeling [PMID: 10496658] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

Reviews/Clinical: Knoop et al. (2020) GHS in hypogonadism [PMC:7108996]; ClinicalTrials.gov (2011) POI efficacy [NCT01280344]; Peptides.org (2025) safety overview. – https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01280344

Additional: Huddle Men’s Health (2025) stacking protocols.

Well-tolerated in trials (87.5% AE incidence similar to placebo), with rare reports of headache, nausea, injection-site pain, or flushing; no significant cortisol/ACTH rises, but monitor for water retention or fatigue in sensitive models. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/

Induces robust GH release (up to 7-10x baseline) without elevating cortisol, prolactin, or ACTH, even at high doses; rat studies show increased longitudinal bone growth (tibia length +8-12%) and body weight gain, suggesting potential for sarcopenia or growth retardation models – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

GLP-3

In a Phase 2 trial (n=338 obese adults), once-weekly retatrutide (4-12 mg) led to -17.5% body weight at 24 weeks and -24.2% at 48 weeks (vs. -2.0% placebo), with greater reductions in abdominal fat and lean mass preservation due to glucagon’s thermogenic effects. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/ https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972

Reduced HbA1c by -2.02% at 48 weeks in obesity trials; a Phase 1b study (n=72 T2D patients) showed dose-dependent fasting glucose drops (-1.5 to -2.5 mmol/L) via enhanced insulin secretion and glucagon modulation. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38367045/

Meta-analysis of Phase 2 data showed -42% to -60% triglyceride reduction, improved insulin sensitivity, and potential anti-cancer effects (e.g., 14-fold tumor volume reduction in preclinical pancreatic models via reduced obesity-driven inflammation) – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12026077/

Jastreboff et al. (2023) Phase 2 obesity trial [PMID: 37366315, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/]

Jastreboff et al. (2023) NEJM full publication [DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972

Sattar et al. (2024) Phase 2a MASH trial [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03018-2].

Hu et al. (2024) Meta-analysis [PMC: PMC12026077, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12026077/].

ClinicalTrials.gov Phase 3 trials (e.g., NCT05882045, NCT05929066, ongoing as of 2025).

Sermorelin

Walker RF (2006) on adult GH insufficiency [PMID: 16948207] – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2699646

Knoop A et al. (2020) on GHS in hypogonadism [PMC: PMC7108996] – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7108996/

Ishida J et al. (2020) GHS history [DOI: 10.1002/rco2.9] – https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rco2.9

Prakash A & Goa KL (1999) pediatric review [PMID: 18031173] – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031173/

Healthline (2025) benefits/approval – https://www.healthline.com/health/sermorelin

Chang Y et al. (2021) glioma potential [DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6243]. – https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/62439/html

Precision Telemed (2025) clinical evidence – https://precisiontelemed.com/sermorelin-therapy-benefits-side-effects-and-clinical-evidence/

Argireline

Wang Y et al. (2013) anti-wrinkle efficacy in Chinese subjects [PMID: 23417317, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23417317/

Blanes-Mira C et al. (2002) synthetic hexapeptide with antiwrinkle activity [PMID: 18498523, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18498523/

Ruiz MA et al. (2024) review of skin permeability and efficacy [PMC: PMC12193160, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12193160/

Kraeling ME et al. (2015) in vitro skin penetration [PMID: 24754410, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24754410/

Henseler H (2023) effects in hyaluronic serum [PMC: PMC10665711, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10665711/

Maldonado GJV et al. (2024) bioactive sutures [PMID: 38314369, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38314369/ .

JDDonline (2025) literature review – https://jddonline.com/articles/acetyl-hexapeptide-8-as-topical-alternative-botulinum-toxin-review-of-literature-S1545961625P8760X/

CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin Blend

Teichman SL et al. (2006) Prolonged GH/IGF-1 stimulation by CJC-1295 [PMID: 16352683 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/

Alba M et al. (2006) CJC-1295 in GHRHKO mice [PMID: 16822960, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/

Raun K et al. (1998) Ipamorelin GH secretagogue [PMID: 9849822, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/ .

Innerbody (2025) CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin benefits/safety https://www.innerbody.com/cjc-1295-and-ipamorelin

Henninge J et al. (2010) Detection in preparations [PMID: 21204297, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204297/].

Ionescu M & Frohman LA (2006) Pulsatile GH secretion [PMID: 17018654, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/].

Guddat S et al. (2019) Equine detection [PMID: 30938069, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30938069/] .

CJC 1925 DAC

Teichman SL et al. (2006) Prolonged GH/IGF-1 stimulation [PMID: 16352683, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/].

Alba M et al. (2006) GHRHKO mouse study [PMID: 16822960, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/].

Guddat S et al. (2019) Equine detection [PMID: 30938069, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30938069/].

Revolution Health (2025) Peptide therapy – https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/peptide-therapy-cjc-1295.

FDA (2024) CJC-1295 review attachment https://downloads.regulations.gov/FDA-2024-N-4777-0002/attachment_7.pdf

Academic OUP (2006) Full trial publication [DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536, https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/91/3/799/2843281

ResearchGate (2006) Prolonged stimulation review [DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7416716_Prolonged_Stimulation_of_Growth_Hormone_GH_and_Insulin-Like_Growth_Factor_I_Secretion_by_CJC-1295_a_Long-Acting_Analog_of_GH-Releasing_Hormone_in_Healthy_Adults

GHRP-6

Berlanga-Acosta J et al. (2024) GHRP-6 prevents doxorubicin cardiotoxicity [PMID: 38873418 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38873418/

Berlanga-Acosta J et al. (2017) Historical appraisal of cytoprotective effects [PMC: PMC5392015, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5392015/

Berlanga J et al. (2006) Prevents oxidant cytotoxicity in MI [PMID: 16989643, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989643/].

Locatelli V et al. (2004) Cardioprotectors review [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.11.005, https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/61/1/7/332620].

Imazu Y et al. (2005) Improves cardiac dysfunction in HF rats [PMID: 15951341, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15951341/].

Cheng K et al. (1995) Stimulates PI turnover in somatotrophs [PMID: 7772238, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7772238/].

Meric M et al. (1995) Synergic action with GHRH [PMID: 7883854, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7883854/]

Berlanga-Acosta J et al. (2017) Medical potentialities review [https://www.oatext.com/Growth-hormone-releasing-peptide-6-GHRP-6-and-other-related-secretagogue-synthetic-peptides-A-mine-of-medical-potentialities-for-unmet-medical-needs.php].

Berlanga J et al. (2007) Reduces myocardial necrosis [DOI: 10.1042/CS20060142, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6804134_Growth-hormone-releasing_peptide_6_GHRP6_prevents_oxidant_cytotoxicity_and_reduces_myocardial_necrosis_in_a_model_of_acute_myocardial_infarction].

Berlanga-Acosta J et al. (2017) Cytoprotective effects appraisal [DOI: 10.1177/1179546817694558, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1179546817694558].

Granata R et al. (2007) Cardiotropic effects by echocardiography [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.09.001, https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=48211].

Korbonits M et al. (1997) GH responses in hypothyroidism [PMID: 9156038, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9156038/].

Torsello A et al. (2003) Improves LV dysfunction in hamsters [DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00422-0, https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/61/1/30/332221].

Matrixyl

Robinson LR et al. (2005) Topical palmitoyl peptides for photoaged skin – J Cosmet Laser Ther PMID: 16414908 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16414908/

Jeong et al., Int J Mol Sci (2019) – PMID: 31554273 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31554273/

Raulin et al., Lasers Surg Med (2004) – PMID: 15278928 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15278928/

Farwick M et al. (2011) Pal-GQPR anti-inflammatory activity – SOFW-Journal 137

Gorouhi & Maibach (2009) – Role of topical peptides in preventing or treating aged skin – Int J Cosmet Sci – PMID: 19489729 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19489729/

Campos et al. (2023) – An Oral Supplementation Based on Matrixyl® 3000 – Clin Interv Aging – PMID: 36915602 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36915602/

Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (2018) Safety Assessment https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/palmitoyl_peptides.pdf

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

astreboff et al. (2019) Phase 3 RECONNECT trials [PMID: 31599840, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/].

Kingsberg et al. (2019) Long-term safety/efficacy [PMID: 31599847, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599847/].

Shindel et al. (2008) Sildenafil salvage study [PMID: 18089464, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18089464/].

Clayton et al. (2006) Phase 1 ethanol interaction [PMID: 16766110, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16766110/].

FDA Label (2019) Vyleesi prescribing info [https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210557s000lbl.pdf].

LiverTox (2021) Hepatotoxicity review [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573221/].

Semax

Medvedeva EV et al. (2014) Semax gene expression in rat ischemia [PMC: PMC3987924, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3987924/.

Solovieva OI et al. (2022) Semax and Aβ aggregation [PMC: PMC8855339, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8855339/.

Levitskaya NG et al. (2020) Semax transcriptome in ischemia [DOI: 10.3390/genes11060681, https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/6/681.

Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (2025) Semax cognitive vitality [https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Semax-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf.

Gusev EI et al. (1999) Semax neuroprotective mechanisms [PMID: 10358912, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10358912/].

Paragon Sports Medicine (2025) Semax brain health [https://www.paragonsportsmedicine.com/peptides/semax].

Functional Med Doc (2025) Semax therapeutic [https://functionalmeddoc.com/common-conditions/semax-peptide/].

Ashmarin IP et al. (2006) Semax for ADHD/Rett [PMID: 16996699, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16996699/].

Dolotov OV et al. (2006) Semax BDNF/trkB [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.042, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006899306022955

Provoke Health (2025) Semax brain function – https://provokehealth.com/articles/semax-a-therapeutic-peptide-for-brain-health-and-function.

AICAR

ClinicalTrials.gov – Phase 3 CLL trial (NCT04004910) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04004910

Merrill et al. (1997) – Glucose uptake mechanism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9277378/

Mangano et al. (2006) – Cardioprotection trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16678586/

FDA Orphan Drug Designation for AICAR in CLL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=378812

ACE-031

Campbell C et al. (2017) – Phase 2 human trial results – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875665/

Acceleron Pharma (2013) – Official discontinuation statement – https://investor.acceleronpharma.com/news-releases/news-release-details/acceleron-discontinues-development-ace-031

Pistilli EE et al. (2011) – mdx mouse study – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21674521/

Attie KM et al. (2013) – Safety review from 6 trials – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23681963/

ClinicalTrials.gov – NCT01099761 (DMD trial) – https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01099761

Cagrilintide

Jastreboff et al. (2021) Phase 2 weight management trial [PMID: 34798060, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/.

Frias et al. (2023) Phase 2 T2D trial (CagriSema) [PMID: 37385280, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)01163-7/fulltext].

Novo Nordisk (2025) REDEFINE-1 Phase 3 results [https://www.novonordisk.com/news-and-media/news-and-ir-materials/news-details.html?id=915082].

Garvey et al. (2025) CagriSema Phase 3 obesity trial [PMID: 39302081, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2502081].

ClinicalTrials.gov REDEFINE program (NCT05929066, NCT05567796) [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929066].

Syed (2024) Amylin analog review [PMID: 36883831, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36883831/].

LIPO-C

Shekelle PG et al. (2010) Evidence-based review of fat-modifying supplements [PMC: PMC2931392, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2931392/

Healthline (2024) Lipotropic injections overview [https://www.healthline.com/health/lipotropic-injections

Defy Medical (2023) Lipo-C benefits & dosing [https://www.defymedical.com/blog/increase-energy-stimulate-metabolism-promote-fat-loss/

Medical News Today (2023) Lipotropic injections risks https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lipotropic-injections

HydraMed (2024) Ultimate guide to Lipo-C [https://hydramed.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-lipo-c-injections-benefits-side-effects-and-more].

Excel Male Forum (2016) User experiences & doses https://www.excelmale.com/threads/lipo-c-whos-using-what-doses.6570/

Mazdutide

Ji L et al. (2025) Phase 3 GLORY-1 obesity trial [PMID: 40421736, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40421736/].

Luo Y et al. (2025) DREAMS-3 design vs. semaglutide [PMID: 41260459, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41260459/].

Syed YY (2024) Amylin/glucagon review [PMID: 36883831, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36883831/

Ji L et al. (2021) Phase 1b dose-finding [PMID: 34798060, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/

Ji L et al. (2023) Phase 2 overweight/obesity trial [PMID: 38169658, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-44067-4

Innovent (2025) GLORY-2 Phase 3 results https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mazdutide-9-mg-achieves-up-to-20-1-weight-loss-in-chinese-adults-with-obesity-glory-2-study-meets-primary-and-all-key-secondary-endpoints-302620471.html

Innovent (2025) DREAMS-3 vs. semaglutide https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/innovents-mazdutide-shows-superiority-in-glycemic-control-with-weight-loss-over-semaglutide-in-a-head-to-head-phase-3-clinical-trial-dreams-3-302594633.html

Buse JB et al. (2024) Meta-analysis efficacy/safety [DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118/full

BPC-157 and TB-500 (Wolverine Blend)

Sikiric P et al. (2020) BPC-157 tendon healing [PMID: 32083527, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32083527/].

Goldstein AL et al. (2007) Thymosin beta-4 wound healing [PMID: 17541284, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17541284/].

Philp D et al. (2003) TB-500 dermal repair [PMID: 12690326, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690326/].

Revolution Health (2025) BPC-157/TB-500 synergy https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/bpc-157-tb-500-combination-peptide

BPC-157 and TB-500: Background, Indications, Efficacy, and Safety: https://globalrph.com/2025/11/bpc-157-and-tb-500-background-indications-efficacy-and-safety/

BPC10 + TB10

Wang Y et al. (2023) TB-500 musculoskeletal injury [DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.05.012, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0972978X23000512

CJC-1295 Without DAC

Wang Y et al. (2023) TB-500 musculoskeletal injury [DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.05.012, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0972978X23000512].

Revolution Health (2025) BPC-157/TB-500 synergy [https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/bpc-157-tb-500-combination-peptide].

Poseidon Performance (2025) BPC-157/TB-500 comparison [https://www.poseidonperformance.com/blog/bpc-157-and-tb-500-the-truth-about-healing-peptides-dosage-and-risks].

CJC-1295 with DAC

Teichman SL et al. (2006) Prolonged GH/IGF-1 stimulation by CJC-1295 [PMID: 16352683, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/].

FDA (2024) CJC-1295 review attachment [https://downloads.regulations.gov/FDA-2024-N-4777-0002/attachment_7.pdf].

Eternity Health Partners (2024) CJC-1295 benefits [https://www.eternityhealthpartners.com/cjc-1295-benefits-dosage-side-effects/].

Revolution Health (2025) CJC-1295 DAC vs. no DAC [https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/cjc-1295-with-dac-vs-without-dac].

Revolution Health (2025) Peptide therapy CJC-1295 [https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/peptide-therapy-cjc-1295].

CJC-1295 Without DAC 5 mg + Ipamorelin 5 mg Blend

Raun K et al. (1998) Ipamorelin GH secretagogue [PMID: 9849822, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/].

Innerbody Research (2025) CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin benefits/safety [https://www.innerbody.com/cjc-1295-and-ipamorelin].

Adipotide

Khavinson et al. (2003) Telomerase activation in human cells [PMID: 12937680, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937680/].

Anisimov et al. (2001) Lifespan extension in mice [PMID: 14647006, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14647006/].

Khavinson et al. (2001) Melatonin restoration in monkeys [PMID: 11335898, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11335898/].

Khavinson et al. (2003) Tumor suppression in models [PMID: 12851707, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12851707/].

Anisimov et al. (2002) Immune/metabolic improvements in humans [PMID: 12577695, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12577695/].

Khavinson (2002) Peptide theory of aging [PMID: 12374906, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12374906/].

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Khavinson VK et al. (2003) Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells [PMID: 12937680, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937680/].

Anisimov VN et al. (2001) Effect of epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice [PMID: 14647006, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14647006/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2003) Peptide regulation of aging [PMID: 12374906, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12374906/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2001) Effect of synthetic pineal tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) on melatonin secretion by the pineal gland of young and old rats [PMID: 11335898, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11335898/].

Anisimov VN et al. (2002) Effect of epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice [PMID: 12577695, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12577695/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2003) Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells [PMID: 12851707, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12851707/].

Khavinson VK (2002) Peptide regulation of aging [PMID: 12374906, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12374906/].

Lys-Pro-Val (LPV) Tripeptide

Ruiz MA et al. (2011) SNAP-8 anti-wrinkle efficacy [PMID: 21692519, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21692519/].

Blanes-Mira C et al. (2002) SNAP-25 inhibition mechanism [PMID: 12470794, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12470794/].

Wang Y et al. (2013) Octapeptide in Chinese subjects [PMID: 23417317, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23417317/].

FOXO4-DRI

Baar MP et al. (2017) Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells restores tissue homeostasis [PMID: 28318936, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28318936/].

Huang Y et al. (2021) Senolytic FOXO4-DRI in chondrocytes [PMID: 33958894, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33958894/].

Li Y et al. (2020) FOXO4-DRI in aged Leydig cells [PMID: 31996720, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996720/].

Han J et al. (2022) FOXO4-DRI in pulmonary fibrosis [PMID: 35514094, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35514094/].

Cagrilintide 5 mg + Semaglutide 5 mg

REDEFINE-1 Phase 3 obesity trial (2025) [PMID: 39495965, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39495965/].

DREAMS-3 Phase 3 T2D trial (2025) [PMID: 38330987, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38330987/].

Phase 2 obesity monotherapy (cagrilintide) [PMID: 34798060, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/].

Phase 2 combination in T2D [PMID: 37364590, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364590/].

ClinicalTrials.gov REDEFINE-1 (NCT06077864) [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06077864].

Cagrilintide 2.5 mg + Semaglutide 2.5 mg

REDEFINE-1 Phase 3 obesity trial (2025) [NEJM, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2502081].

DREAMS-3 Phase 3 T2D trial (2025) [Lancet or NEJM pending full pub; interim at https://www.novonordisk.com/news-and-media/news-and-ir-materials/news-details.html?id=915082].

Phase 2 obesity monotherapy (cagrilintide) [Lancet 2021, PMID: 34798060, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/].

Phase 2 combination in T2D [Lancet 2023, PMID: 37364590, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364590/].

Survodutide

Wharton S et al. (2025) SYNCHRONIZE-1/2 Phase 3 design [PMID: 39495965, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39495965/].

le Roux CW et al. (2024) Phase 2 obesity trial [PMID: 38330987, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38330987/].

Sanyal AJ et al. (2024) Phase 2 MASH trial [PMID: 39302081, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39302081/].

Kosiborod MN et al. (2025) SYNCHRONIZE-CVOT design [PMID: 39453356, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39453356/].

ClinicalTrials.gov SYNCHRONIZE-1 (NCT06077864) [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06077864].

Boehringer Ingelheim (2025) Phase 3 interim results [https://www.boehringer-ingelheim.com/human-health/metabolic-diseases/phase-3-studies-survodutide-obesity-and-overweight].

Oxytocin Acetate

Kosfeld et al. (2005) – Trust study – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15931222/

Yao et al. (2018) – Amygdala meta-analysis – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29427647/

Cardoso et al. (2014) – Cortisol meta-analysis – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24845183/

Leppanen et al. (2018) – Emotion recognition meta-analysis – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29162501/

FDA Prescribing Information – Pitocin® – https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/018261s031lbl.pdf

Bowen & Neumann (2015) – Pharmacology review – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188091/

Selank

Zozulya AA et al. (2008) Efficacy in GAD/neurasthenia [PMID: 18454096, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/].

Wang Y et al. (2024) DSIP-CBBBP analog in insomnia [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1439536, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1439536/full].

Volkova A et al. (2016) GABAergic gene expression [PMC: PMC4757669, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4757669/].

Zozulya AA et al. (2012) Rapid response in GAD [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.06.111, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924933812752811].

Inozemtseva LS et al. (2008) BDNF regulation [PMID: 18454096, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/].

DSIP

Schoenenberger GA (1983) DSIP: a review [PMID: 6313035, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313035/].

Wang Y et al. (2024) DSIP-CBBBP in insomnia mice [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1439536, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1439536/full].

Graf MV et al. (1984) DSIP in chronic insomniacs [PMID: 6391926, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6391926/].

Larbig W et al. (1984) DSIP in chronic pain [PMID: 6548970, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6548970/].

Iyer KS et al. (1988) DSIP and GH release [PMID: 3333072, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3333072/

Schneider-Helmert D et al. (1981) Acute effects on human sleep [PMID: 6895513, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6895513/].

Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (2025) DSIP cognitive vitality [https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Semax-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf].

Khvatova EM et al. (2003) DSIP stress protection [DOI: 10.1016/S0196-9781(03)00040-8, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196978103000408].

Innerbody (2025) DSIP benefits/riskshttps://www.innerbody.com/dsip-delta-sleep-inducing-peptide

AOD9604

Ng FM et al. (2000) Metabolic studies in obese Zucker rats [PMID: 11146367, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11146367/].

Heffernan M et al. (2001) Lipid metabolism effects [PMID: 11713213, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11713213/].

Stier H et al. (2013) Safety in six clinical trials [DOI: 10.14740/jofem157w, https://www.jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/157].

Wittert GA et al. (2005) Phase 2b obesity trial [PMID: 15827112, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15827112/].

Moré MI et al. (2014) Safety and metabolism [DOI: 10.14740/jofem213w, https://www.jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/213].

DrugBank (2025) AOD9604 profile [https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB06388].

FDA (2024) AOD9604 attachment [https://downloads.regulations.gov/FDA-2024-N-4777-0009/attachment_9.pdf].

BPC-157 10 mg + GHK-Cu 50 mg + TB-500 10 mg (Glow Blend)

Goldstein AL et al. (2007) TB-500 wound healing [PMID: 17541284, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17541284/].

Pickart L et al. (2015) GHK-Cu tissue remodeling [PMID: 26177688, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26177688/].

Revolution Health (2025) GLOW blend synergy [https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/glow-peptide-bpc157-tb500-ghkcu].

Alprostadil

Linet & Ogrinc, NEJM (1996) – PMID: 8628404 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606133342402

Eardley et al., J Sex Med (2010) – PMID: 20497307 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20497307/

Hellstrom et al., J Urol (1998) – PMID: 9628656 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9628656/

Freed et al., NEJM (1981) – PMID: 6783946 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198104093041501

Strecker et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol (1998) – PMID: 9548779 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9548779/

Attie et al., Muscle Nerve (2013) – PMID: 23681963 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23681963/

SNAP 8

ARA-290

Menzaghi F et al. (2017) Phase 2 sarcoidosis neuropathy trial [PMID: 28249190, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28249190/].

Brines M et al. (2014) IRR mechanism review [PMID: 24799728, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24799728/].

Dobsak P et al. (2019) Cardioprotection in ischemia [PMID: 31047283, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31047283/].

Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate)

Oe M et al. (2017) Oral HA for skin hydration [PMID: 28617838, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28617838/].

Wang CT et al. (2017) IA HA for knee OA meta-analysis [PMID: 28165212, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28165212/].

Yang J et al. (2021) HA in wound healing review [PMID: 33708101, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708101/].

Fakhari A & Berkland C (2013) HA biomedical applications [PMID: 23746899, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23746899/].

Papakonstantinou E et al. (2012) HA in skin aging [PMID: 23298530, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23298530/].

CIR Expert Panel (2009) HA safety assessment [PMID: 19636067, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19636067/].

Cochrane Review (2015) HA for ankle OA [PMID: 26475434, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26475434/].

Jegasothy SM et al. (2014) HA fillers review [PMID: 24566519, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24566519/].

EPO

Neuroprotection in stroke & neonatal hypoxia – high-dose EPO reduces infarct volume 30–50% (Brines et al., PNAS 2000 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10841560/)

Cardioprotection post-MI – single 60,000 IU dose → 35–50% smaller infarct (Cai et al., Circulation 2003 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12695285/)

Tissue-protective receptor (EPOR-βcR) studies – anti-apoptotic effects in brain, heart, kidney (Brines & Cerami, Nat Rev Neurosci 2005 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15803160/)

Andreone P et al. (2010) Phase 3 HBV trial [PMID: 20185646, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20185646/].

Rasi G et al. (2006) Meta-analysis HBV/HCV [PMID: 16828184, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16828184/].

Romagnani S et al. (2006) Phase 3 sepsis trial [PMID: 16828184, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16828184/].

Garaci E et al. (2007) Sepsis immune modulation [PMID: 17512565, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17512565/].

Bounous G et al. (2000) Cancer immunotherapy [PMID: 11013182, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11013182/].

Camerini D et al. (2006) Vaccine adjuvant in elderly [PMID: 16500035, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16500035/].

Kuznik BI et al. (2021) Thymosin Alpha-1 in COVID-19 [PMID: 33575961, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33575961/].

Cerebrolysin

Bornstein NM et al. (2018) – Latest Cochrane-level meta-analysis on stroke https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29523651/

CAG-2009 Trial (Alzheimer’s) – double-blind RCT (n=252) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19585981/

CAPTAIN Trial (stroke, n=1,190) – ongoing Phase 3/4 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03621774

EVER Neuro Pharma – Official Cerebrolysin® website & bibliography (200+ studies) https://www.cerebrolysin.com/cerebrolysin/publications

FDA Orphan Designation – Cerebrolysin® for stroke (2016) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=523616

HMG

Lunenfeld B (2004) – Historical review of gonadotropin therapy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15257870/

Lunenfeld B et al., Fertil Steril (1962) – PMID: 13894039 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13894039/

FDA Label – Repronex® / Menopur® (HMG) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/021663s023lbl.pdf

Burris AS et al. (1988) – HMG + hCG in male hypogonadism (classic study) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3127425/

WHO Expert Committee – Biological standardization of HMG https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39270

5-Amino-1MQ

Neelakantan H et al. (2018) – Original discovery & obesity study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826726/ PMID: 29183836

Neelakantan H et al., Biochem Pharmacol (2018) – full paper https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826726/

Neelakantan H et al., Biochem Pharmacol (2018) – PMID: 29183836 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29183836/

Eckert MA et al., Cancer Res (2019) – PMID: 30987997 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30987997/

Lee C et al., Cell Metab (2021) – related MOTS-c paper, but same pathway https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33623042/

ClinicalTrials.gov – NNMT inhibitors pipeline updates 2025

Eckert MA et al. (2019) – Cancer metabolism (prostate) https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/79/16/4201/638926

Brachs S et al. (2023) – Human adipose NNMT expression & correlation with obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36823177/

Botulinum Toxin Type A

Schiavo et al., Nature (1992) – PMID: 1565226 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1565226/

Carruthers et al., Plast Reconstr Surg (2017) – PMID: 28538566 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28538566/

Dodick et al., Headache (2010) – PMID: 20487038 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20487038/

Chapple et al., Eur Urol (2013) – PMID: 23374720 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23374720/

Baker & Pereira, Toxins (2016) – PMID: 27430194 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27430194/

Brin et al., Toxicon (2014) – PMID: 24565895 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24565895/

Schiavo et al. (1992) – First identification of SNAP-25 cleavage https://www.nature.com/articles/359832a0 PMID: 1565226

FDA Approval History – Botox® (onabotulinumtoxinA) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/103000s5302lbl.pdf

Allergan Phase 3 Glabellar Lines Trials (2002 approval) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12047431/

PREEMPT 1 & 2 Trials (chronic migraine) – NEJM 2010 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0910361

Glutathione

Lu SC (2013) – Regulation of glutathione synthesis (classic review) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4680835/ PMID: 23066120

Pizzorno J (2014) – Glutathione in health & disease (clinical perspective) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4680835/

Mischley LK et al. (2017) – GSH in neurodegenerative disease https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5362977/

Forman HJ et al., Mol Aspects Med (2009) – PMID: 19647096 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19647096/

Ortolani O et al., Crit Care Med (2000) – PMID: 10966254 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10966254/

Mischley LK et al., Oxid Med Cell Longev (2017) – PMID: 28386439 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5362977/

Traverso N et al., Oxid Med Cell Longev (2013) – PMID: 23766857 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3679693/

Melatonin

Liampas I et al., J Neurol (2020) – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32572781/

Doosti-Irani et al., Sleep Med Rev (2018) – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29233621/

Wang YY et al., Front Aging Neurosci (2021) – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708101/

Wang YM et al., Oncotarget (2017) – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28060755/

Reiter RJ et al., Prog Neurobiol (2016) – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26721517/

Ferracioli-Oda et al., PLoS One (2013) – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23691095/

MOTS-c

Lee C et al. (2015) – Original discovery & exercise-mimetic study https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(15)00002-5 PMID: 25738459

Yin L et al., Cell Rep (2020) – PMID: 32755584 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32755584/

Kong BS et al., Aging Cell (2021) – PMID: 34365719 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34365719/

Reynolds JC et al., Nat Commun (2021) – PMID: 33623042 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33623042/

Lee C et al., Cell Metab (2015) & Kim KH et al., Nat Commun (2018) – PMID: 29942014 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29942014/

Lee C. Lee et al., Cell Metab (2015) – PMID: 25738459 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/

Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymalin

Khavinson VK et al. (2021) Thymalin for immunocorrection [PMC: PMC8365293, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8365293/].

Dávila D et al. (2014) Thymulin physiology [PMID: 24588820, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24588820/].

Kuznik BI et al. (2021) Thymalin in COVID-19 [PMID: 33575961, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33575961/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2021) Thymalin immune status in COVID-19 [DOI: 10.1134/S2079057021040068, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S2079057021040068].

Khavinson VK et al. (2019) Thymic peptides in cancer [PMC: PMC6481824, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6481824/].

Reggiani F et al. (2006) Thymulin analgesic potential [PMID: 17192563, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17192563/].

Kuznik BI et al. (2021) Thymalin in severe COVID-19 [DOI: 10.1134/S2079057021040068, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S2079057021040068].

Khavinson VK et al. (2023) KE/EW dipeptides in Thymalin for COVID-19 [PMID: 37686182, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37686182/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2020) Thymalin HSC differentiation [PMID: 33237528, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33237528/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2024) Thymic peptides review [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-024-10666-y, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10989-024-10666-y].

Khavinson VK et al. (2002) Geroprotective Thymalin/Epithalamin [PMID: 12577695, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12577695/].

Dávila D et al. (2009) Thymulin neuroendocrine axis [PMID: 19236333, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19236333/].

Kisspeptin-10

Dhillo WS et al. (2005) KP-54 stimulates gonadotropin release [PMID: 15827098, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15827098/].

Jayasena CN et al. (2011) KP-10 in men [PMID: 21521262, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21521262/].

Mills E et al. (2022) KP-10 in HSDD women [DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36426, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2797718].

George JT et al. (2013) Continuous infusion without desensitization [PMID: 23386683, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23386683/].

Abbara A et al. (2022) KP-10 review in reproduction [DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y, https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y].

Mills EG et al. (2025) KP-10 in bone metabolism [PMID: 39269749, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39269749/].

Topaloglu AK et al. (2012) KP-10 sexual dimorphism [PMC: PMC3232613, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3232613/].

Mills EG et al. (2025) KP-10 vasoconstrictor in atherosclerosis [DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005790, https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.005790].

DrugBank (2025) KP-10 profile [https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB16210].

PMC (2010) KP-10 analog bioactivity [PMC: PMC2822479, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2822479/].

Hexarelin

Ghigo E et al. (1996) Dose-response in humans [PMID: 7957536, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7957536/].

Locatelli V et al. (2014) Cardiovascular action review [PMC: PMC4178518, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4178518/].

Arvat E et al. (1997) No interaction with CRH/AVP [PMID: 9430449, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9430449/].

Ghigo E et al. (1998) Pubertal response [PMID: 9801989, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9801989/].

Deghenghi R et al. (1996) Mechanism in rats [PMID: 8921832, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8921832/].

Benso A et al. (2003) Lipid aberrations in mice [PMC: PMC5659698, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5659698/].

Arvat E et al. (1996) Acromegaly/hyperprolactinemia [PMID: 8706295, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8706295/].

Loche S et al. (1995) Short children [PMID: 8548949, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8548949/].

Deghenghi R et al. (1996) Intranasal in children [PMID: 7852535, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7852535/].

Cassoni P et al. (2006) Neuroblastoma SOD1-G93A protection [PMC: PMC9863688, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9863688/].

Revolution Health (2025) Hexarelin benefits [https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/peptide-therapy-hexarelin]

Tesamorelin Acetate

Falutz J et al. (2007) Phase 3 HIV lipodystrophy trial [PMID: 17392883, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17392883/].

Falutz J et al. (2010) Long-term safety/extension [PMID: 20101189, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20101189/].

Mangili A et al. (2015) Pooled Phase 3 analysis [PMID: 26457580, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26457580/].

Falutz J et al. (2010) Effects on abdominal fat [PMID: 18690162, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18690162/].

Stanley TL et al. (2014) Visceral/liver fat RCT [PMID: 25038357, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038357/].

Adrian S et al. (2019) Muscle fat/area effects [PMID: 31237318, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31237318/].

Baker JL et al. (2017) T2D safety/effects [PMID: 28617838, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28617838/].

Falutz J et al. (2010) HIV lipodystrophy review [PMID: 21668043, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21668043/].

IGF-1 DES

Elmlinger MW et al. (2021) IGF-1 monitoring in sports [PMC: PMC7913862, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7913862/].

PMC (2012) E-peptides control IGF-1 bioavailability [PMC: PMC3528099, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3528099/].

PMC (2010) IGF-1 E-peptides in muscle hypertrophy [PMC: PMC2867546, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867546/].

PLOS One (2012) E-peptides and IGF-1 bioavailability [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051152, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051152].

PubMed (2024) IGF-1 mimetic hydrogels for MSCs [PMID: 39005297, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39005297/].

PubMed (2023) Viral IGF-1 peptides [PMID: 38182007, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38182007/].

PMC (2009) IGF-1 DES in neurological conditions [PMC: PMC2737647, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2737647/].

IGF-1 LR3

Ceda GP et al. (2019) CV effects of IGF-1 [PMID: 31692426, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31692426/].

White RR et al. (2023) Fetal sheep infusion study [PMC: PMC10205682, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10205682/].

Frontiers (2023) CV effects review [DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142644, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1142644/full].

PMC (2023) Fetal sheep GSIS study [PMC: PMC10205682, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10205682/].

Follistatin 344

Lee SJ et al. (2009) Inhibition of myostatin with follistatin as therapy for muscle disease [PMID: 19563758, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2717722/].

Kota J et al. (2008) Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates [PMID: 18311141, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0709144105].

Mendell JR et al. (2017) Follistatin gene therapy improves ambulation in Becker muscular dystrophy [PMID: 28165212, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5240576/].

Lee SJ (2007) Quadrupling muscle mass in mice by myostatin inhibition [PMID: 17360498, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360498/].

ResearchGate (2009) Myostatin inhibition with follistatin [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23998820_Inhibition_of_myostatin_with_emphasis_on_follistatin_as_a_therapy_for_muscle_disease].

HCG

Bowers CY et al. (1991) Human GH release study [PMID: 2026747, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2026747/].

Laferrère B et al. (2005) Appetite stimulation [PMID: 15685245, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15685245/].

Wang et al. (2000) Synergy with GHRH in swine [DOI: 10.1016/S0739-7240(00)00050-3, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0739724000000503].

Berlanga-Acosta J et al. (2017) Cytoprotective effects review [PMC: PMC5392015, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5392015/].

Berlanga J et al. (2006) Myocardial necrosis reduction [PMID: 16989643, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989643/].

Cheng K et al. (1995) PI turnover mechanism [PMID: 7772238, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7772238/].

GHRP-2 Acetate

Kluge A et al. (2010) GHRP-2 increases food intake like ghrelin [PMID: 15699539, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699539/].

Wang et al. (2000) GHRP-2 growth performance in swine [DOI: 10.1016/S0739-7240(00)00050-3, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0739724000000503].

Van der Lely et al. (2002) GHRP-2 in critical illness [PMID: 12030918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12030918/].

Revolution Health (2025) GHRP-2 mechanism/benefits [https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/peptide-therapy-ghrp-2].

Peptide Initiative (2025) GHRP-2 dosing guide [https://peptideinitiative.com/peptides/ghrp-2].

Thevis et al. (2010) GHRP-2 detection in supplements [PMID: 20878896, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20878896/].

Cheng K et al. (1997) Mechanisms in bovine pituitary [PMID: 9331879, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9331879/].

Bowers CY et al. (1991) – Original human GH release study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2026747/

Laferrère B et al. (2005) – Appetite stimulation in humans https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15685245/

Beck et al. (2014) – Gastric emptying & ileus https://gut.bmj.com/content/63/11/1754

Bowers CY et al. (1984) – Synergy with GHRH https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6423387/

Arvat E et al. (1997) – ACTH/cortisol effects https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9024244/

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)

Hill M & Goldspink G (2003) – MGF vs IGF-1Ea comparison https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12914798/

Dluzniewska et al. (2005) – Neuroprotection in stroke model https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16012928/

Goldspink G – Original discovery papers (1996–2001) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10806076/ (first identification)

PEG-MGF

Mills P et al. (2007) – Pharmacokinetics & half-life extension https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00647.2007 PMID: 17122378

Goldspink G (2006) – Systemic effects of PEG-MGF https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10974-006-9065-6

Hill M et al. (2003) – Original MGF vs. systemic comparison (basis for PEG-MGF) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12914798/

Dluzniewska J et al. (2005) – Neuroprotection in stroke https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16012928/

Marquez RM et al. (2010) – Cardioprotection https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20096320/

Goldspink G – Review of MGF & PEG-MGF (2005) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16024919/

Epithalon

Khavinson et al. (2003) – Telomerase activation in human cells – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937680/

Khavinson et al. (2003) – Lifespan extension in mice – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14647006/

Khavinson et al. (2001) – Melatonin restoration – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11335898/

Khavinson VK – Peptide Bioregulation of Aging (2009) – full review – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38069263_Peptide_regulation_of_ageing

Kossoy G et al. (2006) – Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16807590/

Anisimov VN et al. (2002) – Epitalon and pineal function – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12577695/

LL-37 (Cathelicidin)

Vandamme D et al. (2012) Comprehensive LL-37 review [PMID: 22393864, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22393864/].

Grönberg A et al. (2014) Venous ulcer RCT [PMID: 25041740, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041740/].

Dürr UH et al. (2006) LL-37 structure/mechanism [PMID: 16716248, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16716248/].

Hancock RE et al. (2016) Cathelicidins in immunity [PMID: 27436334, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27436334/].

Kang J et al. (2019) LL-37 vs. S. aureus biofilms [PMID: 31133612, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31133612/].

Ramos R et al. (2020) LL-37 oligomerization/channel formation [PMID: 33015182, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33015182/].

PNC-27

Sarafraz-Yazdi E et al. (2010) Anticancer peptide PNC-27 adopts an HDM-2-binding conformation [PMID: 20080680, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20080680/].

Thadi A et al. (2020) Targeting membrane HDM-2 in leukemia [PMID: 32944845, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32944845/].

Sarafraz-Yazdi E et al. (2014) PNC-27 induces necrosis in leukemia [PMID: 25117093, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25117093/].

Michl J et al. (2012) PNC-27 eradicates pancreatic tumors in vivo [PMID: 22493585, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22493585/].

Do TN et al. (2010) PNC-27 in ovarian cancer [PMID: 20182728, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20182728/].

Sarafraz-Yazdi E et al. (2022) PNC-27 mechanism review [PMID: 35664115, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35664115/].

HGH 191AA (Somatropin)

Grimberg A et al. (2016) Guidelines for GH use in children [PMID: 27884013, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27884013/].

Molitch ME et al. (2011) Adult GH deficiency evaluation [PMID: 21602451, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21602451/].

Liu H et al. (2007) Systematic review GH therapy [PMID: 17983962, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17983962/].

FDA Label – Genotropin® (somatropin) [https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020414s047lbl.pdf].

Rudman D et al. (1990) Landmark aging study [PMID: 2351022, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2351022/].

Pinealon

Arutjunyan A et al. (2012) Pinealon protects rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia [PMID: 22567179, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22567179/].

Khavinson V et al. (2011) Pinealon increases cell viability by suppressing free radicals [PMID: 21978084, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21978084/].

Mendzheritskii AM et al. (2011) Pinealon/Cortexin in carotid occlusion rats [PMID: 21809624, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21809624/].

Kozina LS et al. (2008) Antihypoxic properties of short peptides including Pinealon [PMID: 18546825, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18546825/].

Khavinson VK et al. (2020) EDR peptide in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis [PMC: PMC7795577, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7795577/].

Umnov RS et al. (2013) Neuroprotective effects of Pinealon [PMID: 24738258, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24738258/].

L-Carnitine

Tabrizi R et al. (2020) Weight loss meta-analysis (37 RCTs) [PMID: 32359762, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359762/].

Askarpour M et al. (2020) Lipid/glycemic meta-analysis [PMID: 30850271, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30850271/].

Pooyandjoo M et al. (2016) Weight loss meta-analysis [PMID: 27335245, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27335245/].

Gnoni A et al. (2020) Exercise performance review [PMID: 34842765, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34842765/].

Fathizadeh H et al. (2020) Muscle damage meta-analysis [PMID: 32154768, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32154768/].

Veronese N et al. (2020) NAFLD meta-analysis [PMID: 37120548, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37120548/].

Field ML et al. (2020) Bright/dark sides review [PMC: PMC7507632, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7507632/].

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

Moody TW et al. (2012) VIP/PACAP receptors review [PMID: 22289055, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22289055/].

Said SI (2013) VIP in pulmonary hypertension [PMID: 23619787, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23619787/].

Petkov V et al. (2003) VIP in pulmonary hypertension trial [PMID: 14633570, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14633570/].

Delgado M et al. (2004) VIP immunomodulation review [PMID: 14757212, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14757212/].

Onoue S et al. (2008) VIP agonists clinical applications [PMID: 18172612, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18172612/].

Iwasaki M et al. (2019) VIP in GI system review [PMC: PMC6743256, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6743256/].

Eardley et al., J Sex Med (2010) – PMID: 20497307 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20497307/ Hellstrom et al., J Urol (1998) – PMID: 9628656 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9628656/ Freed et al., NEJM (1981) – PMID: 6783946 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198104093041501

Strecker et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol (1998) – PMID: 9548779 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9548779/ Attie et al., Muscle Nerve (2013) – PMID: 23681963 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23681963/

SLU-PP-332

Billon C et al. (2023) A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome [PMID: 37739806, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37739806/].

Billon C et al. (2023) Synthetic ERR Agonist Induces Acute Aerobic Exercise Response [PMID: 37043507, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37043507/].

Reynolds JC et al. (2021) Exercise Mimetic in Progeroid Mice [PMID: 33623042, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33623042/].

University of Florida News (2023) Exercise-Mimicking Drug in Mice [https://news.ufl.edu/2023/09/exercise-mimicking-drug/].

ACS Press Release (2024) Mimicking Exercise with a Pill [https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/march/mimicking-exercise-with-a-pill.html].

nationwide peptides

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