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VIP Popular in Research: Comparison to Other Peptides
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) VPAC1/VPAC2 receptor agonist; inhibits NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines Neuroinflammation, autoimmune disease, sepsis, circadian rhythm Subcutaneous, IV, intranasal ~2 minutes (plasma); effects persist 4–6 hours via rece
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- VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
- VPAC1/VPAC2 receptor agonist; inhibits NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines
- Neuroinflammation, autoimmune disease, sepsis, circadian rhythm
- Subcutaneous, IV, intranasal
- ~2 minutes (plasma); effects persist 4–6 hours via receptor signalling
- VIP popular in labs for immune modulation with minimal off-target effects
- BPC-157
- Promotes angiogenesis and VEGF upregulation; enhances growth hormone receptor expression
- Tissue repair, wound healing, tendon/ligament injury, GI ulcers
- Subcutaneous, oral, intraperitoneal
- ~4 hours
- Strong for physical injury models but lacks immune-specific pathways
- Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500)
- Actin sequestration; promotes cell migration and differentiation
- Wound healing, cardiac repair, hair growth
- Subcutaneous, intramuscular
- ~2–3 hours
- Narrow focus on tissue regeneration; limited neuroimmune activity
- Melanotan II
- MC1R and MC4R agonist; stimulates melanogenesis and appetite suppression
- Pigmentation studies, metabolic research
- Subcutaneous
- ~33 minutes
- Useful for melanocortin pathway research but no anti-inflammatory effects
- Selank
- Modulates enkephalin degradation; anxiolytic and nootropic effects
- Anxiety models, cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection
- Intranasal, subcutaneous
- ~30 minutes (intranasal)
- Effective for anxiety/stress research but does not address systemic inflammation