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VIP Peptide: Research Model Comparison
Collagen-Induced Arthritis (Rheumatoid Model) Intraperitoneal injection, 5–25 nmol per dose Treg expansion, TNF-alpha/IL-6 suppression, reduced synovial inflammation 60–70% reduction in arthritis clinical score vs vehicle control VIP peptide consistently reduc
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- Collagen-Induced Arthritis (Rheumatoid Model)
- Intraperitoneal injection, 5–25 nmol per dose
- Treg expansion, TNF-alpha/IL-6 suppression, reduced synovial inflammation
- 60–70% reduction in arthritis clinical score vs vehicle control
- VIP peptide consistently reduces joint inflammation across multiple RA models. Mechanism is Treg-mediated rather than direct anti-cytokine
- DSS/TNBS Colitis (IBD Model)
- Intranasal delivery, 10–20 nmol per dose
- Mucosal Treg induction, epithelial barrier protection, reduced neutrophil infiltration
- 52% reduction in colonic inflammation score; TEER maintained at 78% vs 43% in controls
- Intranasal route avoids GI degradation. Delivers systemic immunomodulation without requiring local GI administration
- Ovalbumin Allergic Asthma Model
- Aerosolized inhalation, 5–15 nmol per dose
- VPAC2-mediated bronchodilation, Th2 cytokine suppression (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13)
- Methacholine PC200 increased 3.2-fold; BAL eosinophil count reduced 68%
- Dual bronchodilator + anti-inflammatory effect. Does not cause receptor desensitization like beta-2 agonists
- APP/PS1 Alzheimer's Transgenic Model
- Intranasal delivery, chronic dosing 10 nmol 3× weekly
- Microglial deactivation, beta-amyloid plaque reduction, neuronal survival signaling via PI3K/Akt
- 35% reduction in hippocampal plaque burden; improved Morris water maze performance
- Chronic VIP reduces neuroinflammation-driven neurodegeneration. Does not address amyloid production directly
- MPTP Parkinson's Model
- Intraperitoneal injection, 10–25 nmol per dose
- Dopaminergic neuron protection, reduced oxidative stress, microglial modulation
- 62% preservation of substantia nigra TH+ neurons vs 31% in vehicle
- Protects existing neurons from toxic insult. Not a dopamine replacement or regenerative strategy
- Diabetic Gastroparesis Model
- Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection
- Smooth muscle relaxation via VPAC2, restoration of enteric neuron VIP signaling
- Gastric emptying restored to 74% of normal vs 42% untreated
- Addresses motility directly through VIP's endogenous role in GI smooth muscle. Effect dependent on intact VPAC2 receptor expression