Understand the source comparison
SS-31 vs SS-LUP-332: Full Comparison
Molecular Class Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) Small-molecule PPARδ agonist SS-31 is a designer peptide; SS-LUP-332 is a nuclear receptor modulator. Fundamentally different chemical strategies Primary Mechanism Cardiolipin stabiliza
No winner is assigned.
This page preserves a source comparison for education. It does not add a rating, recommendation or clinical judgment.
- Molecular Class
- Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂)
- Small-molecule PPARδ agonist
- SS-31 is a designer peptide; SS-LUP-332 is a nuclear receptor modulator. Fundamentally different chemical strategies
- Primary Mechanism
- Cardiolipin stabilization in the inner mitochondrial membrane
- AMPK activation and PPARδ-mediated gene transcription
- SS-31 protects existing mitochondria; SS-LUP-332 builds new mitochondrial capacity
- Onset of Effect
- Acute (hours to days). Immediate membrane stabilization
- Chronic (days to weeks). Requires gene expression and protein synthesis
- Use SS-31 for rapid intervention studies; SS-LUP-332 for long-term metabolic adaptation
- Solubility
- Water-soluble after reconstitution with bacteriostatic water
- Lipophilic. Requires DMSO or ethanol for dissolution
- SS-31 integrates easily into aqueous dosing protocols; SS-LUP-332 requires vehicle preparation
- Storage Requirements
- Lyophilized powder at −20°C; reconstituted solution at 2–8°C, use within 28 days
- Powder stable at room temperature short-term; refrigerate long-term; DMSO stock stable at −20°C
- Peptides degrade faster once reconstituted; SS-LUP-332 offers more storage flexibility
- Typical Dosing (Animal Models)
- 1–5 mg/kg subcutaneous or intravenous
- 5–10 mg/kg oral or intraperitoneal
- SS-31 dosing is lower due to targeted mitochondrial accumulation
- Primary Research Applications
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative models
- Metabolic disease, endurance performance, insulin sensitivity studies
- Choose based on whether the research question is about protection (SS-31) or metabolic reprogramming (SS-LUP-332)
- Regulatory Considerations
- Investigational. Not FDA-approved for clinical use outside trials
- WADA-prohibited due to performance-enhancing potential
- SS-31 has advanced to Phase 3 trials; SS-LUP-332 faces regulatory barriers in human athletics