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Pinealon History: Peptide Comparison
The table below contextualizes Pinealon within the broader family of Soviet-origin bioregulatory peptides. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why Pinealon's research applications focus on central nervous system support rather than metabolic or immune m
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- The table below contextualizes Pinealon within the broader family of Soviet-origin bioregulatory peptides. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why Pinealon's research applications focus on central nervous system support rather than metabolic or immune modulation.
- Pinealon
- Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR)
- Transcriptional regulation in brain tissue; Nrf2-ARE pathway activation
- 2012 Int J Mol Sci. Demonstrated DNA binding in vitro
- Small-scale human trials in Russia; no Western Phase III trials
- Mechanism plausible but incomplete; strongest evidence in aged animal models
- Epithalon
- Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG)
- Telomerase activation; circadian rhythm modulation
- 2003 Biogerontology. Reported telomere lengthening in human fibroblasts
- Observational human data; mechanism debated; no FDA/EMA approval
- Telomerase hypothesis controversial; replication attempts show mixed results
- Thymalin
- Polypeptide complex (MW 1000–3000 Da)
- Thymic T-cell maturation; immune senescence reversal
- 1987 Soviet studies. Improved immune markers in elderly patients
- Used off-label in Russia; minimal Western research
- Immune modulation effects supported by observational data; lacks rigorous controls
- Cortagen
- Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro (AEDP)
- Vascular endothelial function; NO pathway support
- 2010 Peptides. Increased eNOS expression in endothelial cells
- Limited to preclinical models; no human trials published
- Cardiovascular mechanism logical but untested in clinical populations