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Peptides for Endometriosis Protocol Evidence Guide: Comparison
BPC-157 Modulates VEGF, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α); promotes angiogenesis in healing tissue while inhibiting pathological neovascularisation In vitro models + 1 exploratory human pilot (n=18, open-label) 250–500 mcg subcutaneous
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- BPC-157
- Modulates VEGF, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α); promotes angiogenesis in healing tissue while inhibiting pathological neovascularisation
- In vitro models + 1 exploratory human pilot (n=18, open-label)
- 250–500 mcg subcutaneously twice daily
- Subcutaneous injection
- Most mechanistically plausible for lesion-associated inflammation; lacks Phase II data
- Thymosin Alpha-1
- Restores T-regulatory cell function; reduces Th1/Th2 imbalance; enhances NK cell activity against ectopic endometrial cells
- Retrospective cohort in fertility context (n=94); established use in oncology/virology
- 1.6 mg subcutaneously 2× weekly
- Stronger human safety data than BPC-157; indirect endometriosis evidence only
- KPV (Tripeptide)
- Inhibits NF-κB transcription factor; reduces mast cell degranulation; suppresses inflammatory gene expression
- Primarily IBD trials (Phase II); no endometriosis-specific human data
- 500 mcg–2 mg (oral or subcutaneous)
- Oral or subcutaneous
- Mechanistic overlap with deep infiltrating endometriosis plausible; entirely experimental for endo use
- Thymalin (Thymic Complex)
- Immune modulation via thymic peptide fractions; restores cellular immunity in autoimmune-like states
- Preclinical models; investigational in autoimmune contexts
- Varies by research protocol
- Exploratory; no endometriosis-specific trials published