Understand the source comparison
P21 Compare to Other Research Peptides: Direct Comparison
P21 CREB phosphorylation (PKA pathway) Synaptic plasticity, memory consolidation, fear extinction 0.5–1.5 mg/kg SC/IP 4–6 hours Best choice for transcription-dependent neuroplasticity studies; no metabolic or tissue repair effects BPC-157 VEGF upregulation, NO
No winner is assigned.
This page preserves a source comparison for education. It does not add a rating, recommendation or clinical judgment.
- P21
- CREB phosphorylation (PKA pathway)
- Synaptic plasticity, memory consolidation, fear extinction
- 0.5–1.5 mg/kg SC/IP
- 4–6 hours
- Best choice for transcription-dependent neuroplasticity studies; no metabolic or tissue repair effects
- BPC-157
- VEGF upregulation, NO pathway modulation
- Wound healing, tendon repair, GI protection
- 5–10 mcg/kg SC daily
- 2–4 hours
- Dominant peptide for angiogenesis and soft tissue regeneration; irrelevant for CNS plasticity
- TB-500
- Actin binding, cytoskeletal regulation
- Inflammation reduction, fibrosis prevention, muscle repair
- 5–10 mg/kg SC twice weekly
- 24–36 hours
- Long half-life suits chronic injury models; doesn't cross BBB efficiently
- Semaglutide (GLP-1)
- GLP-1 receptor agonism, incretin signaling
- Glucose regulation, weight loss, indirect neuroprotection
- 10–30 mcg/kg SC weekly
- 5–7 days
- Metabolic pathway; cognitive benefits are secondary to insulin sensitivity
- Semax
- BDNF upregulation via TrkB receptors
- Neurotrophin signaling, stress resilience, learning enhancement
- 0.5–2 mg/kg intranasal/SC
- 1–2 hours
- Growth factor mechanism; overlaps partially with P21 in cognitive endpoints but different pathway
- Selank
- GABA modulation, enkephalin metabolism
- Anxiolytic effects, stress reduction
- 0.3–1 mg/kg intranasal/SC
- Anxiety-focused; no direct effect on memory encoding or synaptic remodeling