Naturium Niacinamide Serum 12% Plus Zinc 2% Versus Biossance Squalane + Phyto-Retinol Serum

Naturium Niacinamide Serum 12% Plus Zinc 2% Versus Biossance Squalane + Phyto-Retinol Serum Detailed comparison of Naturium Niacinamide Serum 12% Plus Zinc 2% versus Biossance Squalane + Phyto-Retinol Serum. This oil-control serum is formulated around Niacinamide and Zinc PCA to balance excess oil and refine the look of pores. This anti-aging serum is formulated around Squalane and Niacinamide to soften the look of wrinkles and strengthen the skin barrier. Water Niacinamide Propanediol Glycerin Zinc PCA Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11 Sodium Hyaluronate Dimethicone Caprylyl Glycol Phenoxyethanol Xanthan Gum Potassium Sorbate Glyceryl Polyacrylate Tocopheryl Acetate Hexylene Glycol Citric Acid Water, Niacinamide, Propanediol, Glycerin, Zinc PCA, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11, Sodium Hyaluronate, Dimethicone, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Xanthan Gum, Potassium Sorbate, Glyceryl Polyacrylate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Hexylene Glycol, Citric Acid Squalane Sodium Acrylates Copolymer Bakuchiol Rosa Canina Fruit Oil Citrus Aurantium Amara Peel Oil Biosaccharide Gum-1 Yeast Extract Soy Amino Acids Lecithin Ethylhexylglycerin Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate Linalool Geraniol Limonene Water, Squalane, Niacinamide, Sodium Acrylates Copolymer, Bakuchiol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, Citrus Aurantium Amara Peel Oil, Biosaccharide Gum-1, Yeast Extract, Soy Amino Acids, Lecithin, Hexylene Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Citric Acid, Linalool, Geraniol, Limonene These ingredients are found in both products. Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount. Caprylyl Glycol is a humectant, skin conditioner, emollient, and preservative booster derived from either caprylic acid or synthetically created. Typical use levels vary from 0.3-1% as a preservative booster and go up to 2% to condition skin. Because it is not a free-fatty acid, this ingredient is fungal acne safe (there's nothing for Malassezia to feed on). Citric Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) naturally found in citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and limes. Like other AHAs, citric acid can exfoliate skin by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together. This helps reveal smoother and brighter skin underneath. However, this exfoliating effect only happens at high concentrations (20%) which can be hard to find in cosmetic products. Due to this, citric acid is usually included in small amounts as a pH adjuster. This helps keep products slightly more acidic and compatible with skin's natural pH. In skincare formulas, citric acid can: While it can provide some skin benefits, research shows lactic acid and glycolic acid are generally more effective and less irritating exfoliants. Most citric acid used in skincare today is made by fermenting sugars (usually from molasses). This synthetic version is identical to the natural citrus form but easier to stabilize and use in formulations. Rosacea skin has a lower threshold for acids generally, with 62.5% of rosacea subjects in one study reacting to lactic acid in a sting test. This is why we mark citric acid as a potential rosacea trigger. However, this ingredient shows up as a pH adjuster or chelator at roughly 0.1-1% in many products. These low levels are unlikely to be an issue for rosacea skin and becomes a potential trigger at exfoliating concentrations (20%). Because everybody's skin is unique, we recommend a patch test if you are unsure. Hexylene Glycol is a multitasker ingredient that works as a solvent, humectant, emulsifier, viscosity reducer, and preservative booster. It is able to dissolve both water and oil-soluble ingredients to stabilize tricky actives and make products spread more easily. As a humectant, it pulls water into the skin. But it's a pretty minor moisturizing ingredient compared to other humectants, like glycerin. Interestingly, it can act as a mild penetration enhancer. One in vitro study on human skin found a 12% concentration upped the absorption of mometasone furoate (a medicinal ingredient used to treat inflammatory skin conditions) up to 7%. This ingredient is typically used at levels of 0.1-10% depending on the role it's playing. A patch test study on eczema patients didn't find a significant increase in irritation versus the control group, but the potential for irritation rises at higher concentrations. Niacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates