Understand the source comparison
LL-37 for Chronic Sinusitis Research: Peptide Comparison
LL-37 Membrane disruption + cytokine regulation 54–68% biofilm reduction at 4 μg/mL (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) Balanced IL-8/IL-10, reduced IL-17A, EGFR activation Phase II (topical irrigation) Most studied cathelicidin for CRS. Proven efficacy in refractory c
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- LL-37
- Membrane disruption + cytokine regulation
- 54–68% biofilm reduction at 4 μg/mL (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus)
- Balanced IL-8/IL-10, reduced IL-17A, EGFR activation
- Phase II (topical irrigation)
- Most studied cathelicidin for CRS. Proven efficacy in refractory cases, no resistance development
- Lactoferrin
- Iron sequestration + LPS binding
- 28–35% biofilm reduction at 100 μg/mL
- Weak IL-6 modulation
- Preclinical
- Indirect antimicrobial. Requires higher concentrations, limited human CRS data
- β-Defensin-2
- Membrane pore formation
- 41% biofilm reduction at 8 μg/mL (S. aureus)
- Pro-inflammatory (IL-8 induction)
- Narrower spectrum than LL-37, pro-inflammatory profile limits use in polyp-prone CRS
- Nisin
- Lipid II binding (Gram-positive only)
- 18% biofilm reduction at 50 μg/mL
- None documented
- In vitro only
- Bacteriocin with no eukaryotic cell interaction. Ineffective against P. aeruginosa