Understand the source comparison
Comparison of different IVT RNA payload formats
Linear mRNA Self-Amplifying RNA Circular RNA Structure Linear; Open 5’ and 3’ end mRNA exonuclease degradation Close loop; No free 5’ 3’ end Eliminating mRNA exonuclease degradation Ribosome recruiting 5’ Cap: Initiates translation & stabilizes mRNA Internal R
No winner is assigned.
This page preserves a source comparison for education. It does not add a rating, recommendation or clinical judgment.
- Linear mRNA
- Self-Amplifying RNA
- Circular RNA
- Structure
- Linear; Open 5’ and 3’ end mRNA exonuclease degradation
- Close loop; No free 5’ 3’ end Eliminating mRNA exonuclease degradation
- Ribosome recruiting
- 5’ Cap: Initiates translation & stabilizes mRNA
- Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) : Initiates translation
- ORF
- Codon optimization for translation yield
- Modified nucleosides, eg. M1Ψ
- Insert < 20 kb
- Modified nucleosides, eg. M5C
- Insert < 6 kb
- Insert < 4 kb
- UTR
- Regulatory elements in the 5’ and 3’-UTR stabilize mRNA and increase translation initiation
- Replicon for further self-replication of the mRNA
- Scarless circRNA options for coding and non-coding applications
- PolyA tail
- Stabilizes RNA molecule & Prevents degradation
- Not required
- Protein Expression
- +++ Strong
- +++++ Strongest
- ++++ Stronger
- Expression half-life
- +++ Shorter
- +++++ Longest
- ++++ Longer
- Immunogenicity
- ++++ Low
- ++ High
- +++ Medium
- Dosage requirement
- +++++ Lowest
- Novelty
- +++ Traditional
- ++++ Novel
- +++++ Novel