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Best Research Peptides for TBI Research: Mechanism Comparison
BPC-157 eNOS stabilization, VEGF upregulation, inflammatory cytokine suppression Acute (0–72 hours) 10 μg/kg Intraperitoneal BBB permeability, lesion volume, motor recovery Best for focal injuries with prominent vascular disruption. Measurable structural prote
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- BPC-157
- eNOS stabilization, VEGF upregulation, inflammatory cytokine suppression
- Acute (0–72 hours)
- 10 μg/kg
- Intraperitoneal
- BBB permeability, lesion volume, motor recovery
- Best for focal injuries with prominent vascular disruption. Measurable structural protection
- Cerebrolysin
- BDNF/NGF delivery, TrkB receptor activation, caspase-3 inhibition
- Subacute (24 hours–14 days)
- 2.5–5 mL/kg
- Hippocampal cell counts, apoptotic markers, spatial memory
- Best for diffuse injuries targeting delayed neuronal death. Functional preservation over lesion reduction
- Semax
- BDNF gene upregulation, synaptic plasticity enhancement
- Recovery (7–28 days)
- 50 μg/kg
- Intranasal
- Morris water maze, novel object recognition, BDNF expression
- Best for long-term cognitive outcomes. Minimal acute neuroprotection but significant plasticity effects