Trefoil factor 1

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TFF1
Identifiers
Aliases	TFF1, BCEI, D21S21, HP1.A, HPS2, pNR-2, pS2, trefoil factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 113710; MGI: 88135; GeneCards: TFF1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1HI7, 1PS2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human)[1] Band 21q22.3 Start 42,362,282 bp[1] End 42,366,535 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse)[2] Band 17 A3.3|17 15.8 cM Start 31,380,369 bp[2] End 31,384,251 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pancreatic ductal cell gastric mucosa palpebral conjunctiva pylorus mucosa of sigmoid colon mucosa of ileum gallbladder cardia rectum jejunal mucosa Top expressed in pyloric antrum epithelium of stomach mucous cell of stomach tibiofemoral joint perirhinal cortex entorhinal cortex right ventricle CA3 field Ileal epithelium choroid plexus of fourth ventricle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function growth factor activity protein binding Cellular component extracellular space extracellular region Biological process response to immobilization stress cell differentiation response to peptide hormone maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium negative regulation of cell population proliferation response to iron ion wound healing carbohydrate metabolic process regulation of signaling receptor activity digestion signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA: entry Species Human Mouse Entrez 7031 21784 Ensembl ENSG00000160182 ENSMUSG00000024032 UniProt P04155 Q08423 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003225 NM_009362 RefSeq (protein) NP_003216 NP_033388 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 42.36 – 42.37 Mb Chr 17: 31.38 – 31.38 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Trefoil factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF1 gene[5][6] (also called pS2 gene[7]).

Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer, and affect healing of the epithelium. This gene, which is expressed in the gastric mucosa, has also been studied because of its expression in human tumors. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21.[6]

All three human trefoil factors are lectins that interact specifically with the disaccharide GlcNAc-α-1,4-Gal.[8] This disaccharide is an unusual glycotope that is only known to exist on the large, heavily glycosylated, mucins in the mucosa. By cross-linking mucins through the bivalent binding of this glycotope, the trefoil factors are then able to reversibly modulate the thickness and viscosity of the mucus.[8]

In gastric carcinoma

[edit]

TFF1 expression is frequently lost in gastric carcinoma, probably through mechanism of DNA methylation, and it is therefore considered as a tumor suppressor gene.[9]

1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160182 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024032 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ↑ Gött P, Beck S, Machado JC, Carneiro F, Schmitt H, Blin N (May 1997). "Human trefoil peptides: genomic structure in 21q22.3 and coordinated expression". Eur J Hum Genet. 4 (6): 308–15. doi:10.1159/000472224 (inactive 21 October 2025). PMID 9043862. S2CID 25235589.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: TFF1 trefoil factor 1".
7. ↑ Chatagnon A, Ballestar E, Esteller M, Dante R (2010). "A Role for Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 2 in the Modulation of the Estrogen Response of pS2/TFF1 Gene". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9665. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9665C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009665. PMC 2837351. PMID 20300195.
8. 1 2 Järvå MA, Lingford JP, John A, Soler NM, Scott NE, Goddard-Borger ED (May 2020). "Trefoil factors share a lectin activity that defines their role in mucus". Nature Communications. 11 (1) 2265. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2265J. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16223-7. PMC 7221086. PMID 32404934.
9. ↑ Feng G, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Bai R, Zheng J, Zhang J, Song M (Jan 2014). "DNA methylation of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is associated with the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma". Mol Med Rep. 9 (1): 109–117. doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1772. PMID 24190027.

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