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LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury Copyright and Permissions LiverTox ® provides up-to-date, unbiased and easily accessed information on t

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This guide cannot diagnose a condition or recommend a personal treatment plan. Discuss medical questions with a qualified professional.

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury

LiverTox® provides up-to-date, unbiased and easily accessed information on the diagnosis, cause, frequency, clinical patterns and management of liver injury attributable to prescription and nonprescription medications and selected herbal and dietary supplements. The LiverTox site is meant as a resource for both physicians and patients as well as for clinical academicians and researchers who specialize in idiosyncratic drug induced hepatotoxicity.

Information on a specific medication or supplement can be found by entering its name in the “Search this book” box shown above or by browsing the list of agents by its first letter using the alphabetic list shown below.

For upcoming AASLD-sponsored webinars on drugs and hepatotoxicity, click Webinars

LiverTox is produced by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and is copyright free. It is requested that use of LiverTox data in publications be given appropriate acknowledgment.

The LiverTox team welcomes user comments and enquiries. Contact Us

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Disclaimer:

Information presented in the LiverTox database is derived from the scientific literature and public databases and reflects professional expertise of the authors. Such information does not represent official policy of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The information in LiverTox is not meant as a substitute for FDA approved product labeling and professional judgment in the diagnosis and treatment of drug induced liver injury. The U.S. Government and its individual agencies, including the NIDDK, NLM and NIH, does not warrant or assume any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained on this Site.

NIH does not provide patient-specific medical advice concerning the potential of a drug or herbal supplement to cause hepatotoxicity; please consult with a physician for guidance.

As of July 2026, new and updated chapters in LiverTox will undergo review for grammar, factual accuracy, and uniformity of style by Artificial Intelligence (AI) before posting.

Text is generated by LiverTox authors and not by AI, although edits may be made in the text by the LiverTox editors based upon AI reviews.

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