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Ergothioneine: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182 Sakrak O, Kerem M, Bedirli A, et al. Ergothioneine modulates

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Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

Sakrak O, Kerem M, Bedirli A, et al. Ergothioneine modulates proinflammatory cytokines and heat shock protein 70 in mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2008;144:36-42.

Franzoni F, Colognato R, Galetta F, et al. An in vitro study on the free radical scavenging capacity of ergothioneine: comparison with reduced glutathione, uric acid and trolox. Biomed Pharmacother 2006;60:453-7.

Grundemann D, Harlfinger S, Golz S, et al. Discovery of the ergothioneine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005;102:5256-61.

Jang JH, Aruoma OI, Jen LS, et al. Ergothioneine rescues PC12 cells from beta-amyloid-induced apoptotic death. Free Radic Biol Med 2004;36:288-99.

Deiana M, Rosa A, Casu V, et al. L-ergothioneine modulates oxidative damage in the kidney and liver of rats in vivo: studies upon the profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Nutr 2004;23:183-93.

Rahman I, Gilmour PS, Jimenez LA, et al. Ergothioneine inhibits oxidative stress- and TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;302:860-4.

Guijarro MV, Indart A, Aruoma OI, et al. Effects of ergothioneine on diabetic embryopathy in pregnant rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1751-5.

Moncaster JA, Walsh DT, Gentleman SM, et al. Ergothioneine treatment protects neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity in an in vivo rat retinal model. Neurosci Lett 2002;328:55-9.

Mitsuyama H, May JM. Uptake and antioxidant effects of ergothioneine in human erythrocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 1999;97:407-11.

Cargnoni A, Bernocchi P, Ceconi C, et al. In vitro administration of ergothioneine failed to protect isolated ischaemic and reperfused rabbit heart. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995;1270:173-8.

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Smiles, K. A., Dong, K. K., Canning, M. T., Grimson, R., Walfield, A. M., and Yarosh, D. B. A hydroquinone formulation with increased stability and decreased potential for irritation. J Cosmet.Dermatol 2007;6(2):83-88.

Ey, J., Schomig, E., and Taubert, D. Dietary sources and antioxidant effects of ergothioneine. J Agric Food Chem 8-8-2007;55(16):6466-6474.

Urban, T. J., Yang, C., Lagpacan, L. L., Brown, C., Castro, R. A., Taylor, T. R., Huang, C. C., Stryke, D., Johns, S. J., Kawamoto, M., Carlson, E. J., Ferrin, T. E., Burchard, E. G., and Giacomini, K. M. Functional effects of protein sequence polymorphisms in the organic cation/ergothioneine transporter OCTN1 (SLC22A4). Pharmacogenet.Genomics 2007;17(9):773-782.

Cheah IK, Tang RM, Yew TS, Lim KH, Halliwell B. Administration of pure ergothioneine to healthy human subjects: Uptake, metabolism, and effects on biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2017;26(5):193-206.

Forster R, Spézia F, Papineau D, et al. Reproductive safety evaluation of L-Ergothioneine. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015;80:85-91.

Benson KF, Ager DM, Landes B, Aruoma OI, Jensen GS. Improvement of joint range of motion (ROM) and reduction of chronic pain after consumption of an ergothioneine-containing nutritional supplement. Prev Med. 2012;54 Suppl:S83-9.

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Nishida K, Takeuchi K, Hosoda A, et al. Ergothioneine ameliorates oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Life Sci 2018;207:516-24.

Dare A, Channa ML, Nadar A. L-ergothioneine and metformin alleviates liver injury in experimental type-2 diabetic rats via reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertriglyceridemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021;99(11):1137-1147.

Dare A, Channa ML, Nadar A. L-ergothioneine and its combination with metformin attenuates renal dysfunction in type-2 diabetic rat model by activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;141:111921.

Fovet T, Guilhot C, Delobel P, Chopard A, Py G, Brioche T. Ergothioneine Improves Aerobic Performance Without Any Negative Effect on Early Muscle Recovery Signaling in Response to Acute Exercise. Front Physiol 2022;13:834597.

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), Turck D, et al. Statement on the safety of synthetic l-ergothioneine as a novel food - supplementary dietary exposure and safety assessment for infants and young children, pregnant and breastfeeding women. EFSA J 2017;15(11):e05060.

Nakamichi N, Nakao S, Nishiyama M, et al. Oral Administration of the Food-Derived Hydrophilic Antioxidant Ergothioneine Enhances Object Recognition Memory in Mice. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021;14(2):220-233.

Williamson RD, McCarthy FP, Manna S, et al. L-(+)-Ergothioneine Significantly Improves the Clinical Characteristics of Preeclampsia in the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure Rat Model. Hypertension 2020;75(2):561-568.

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Related questions

01What is EGT?

EGT is a natural sulfur-containing amino acid derivative of histidine that was first isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea in 1909.1 Animals and humans are incapable of naturally synthesizing EGT; therefore, this bioactive can only be obtained from dietary sources.1,3,6 EGT is primarily produced by fungi and certain bacteria, with mushrooms widely recognized as the most significant dietary source for humans.1 The Triage Theory, which was originally proposed by Bruce Ames in 2006, posits that when low levels of micronutrients are present, the body prioritizes their use for immediate survival and reproduction at the expense of functions that support long-term health.1 According to this theory, a chronic, low-level deficiency of a nutrient like EGT might not cause an acute, overt disease but may lead to cellular damage that accelerates the onset of age-related chronic illnesses like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, and metabolic syndromes.1

Source: www.news-medical.net ↗
02How does work?

Researchers are investigating ergothioneine to determine if it can reduce swelling (inflammation) in the lungs and damage in the liver, kidneys, and brain.

Source: www.rxlist.com ↗
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