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Research on VIP Peptide?

Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activity: Research suggests that Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, making it a promising candidate for treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (1).

Studies show that VIP regulates innate immunity by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells, while reducing co-stimulatory molecule expression on antigen-presenting cells. In adaptive immunity, VIP shifts the Th1/Th2 balance by promoting anti-inflammatory Th2 responses and enhancing regulatory T cell (Treg) activity (2).

Studies in rheumatoid arthritis models demonstrate VIP’s ability to reduce systemic pathogenic antibodies and inflammation. Advances in VIP analogs and delivery methods highlight its potential for precision medicine in managing immune-related disorders (3).

Lung Protective Effects: VIP research demonstrates significant lung protective effects, including bronchodilation, surfactant support, and alveolar cell protection. VIP acts as a neuromodulator in the airway, relaxing smooth muscles and reducing inflammation, making it a potential treatment for asthma and COPD. Advances in VIP analogs, such as IK312532, and inhaler systems have improved its clinical viability (4).

In COVID-19 respiratory failure, the synthetic VIP Aviptadil showed promising results, doubling survival odds at 60 days and reducing cytokine release and respiratory distress. These findings highlight VIP’s potential in protecting lung function and treating severe pulmonary conditions with an acceptable safety profile (5).

Gastrointestinal Regulation: Research indicates that VIP Peptide plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal regulation and exhibits potent anti-colitic effects. Studies have shown that the peptide regulates gut motility, ion secretion, nutrient absorption, and immune responses, thereby contributing to overall gastrointestinal homeostasis.

In a TNBS-induced colitis model, VIP significantly reduced inflammation, weight loss, and intestinal damage by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, as well as Th1-driven autoimmune responses. It also decreased disease recurrence when administered after disease onset (6). These findings highlight VIP’s potential as a therapeutic candidate for inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease, offering both prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in managing gut inflammation (7).

Metabolic effects: Research shows that VIP has important effects on metabolism, especially in regulating glucose and cellular energy. Studies have shown that it helps stimulate insulin secretion in response to glucose through VPAC2 receptors and supports the growth of islet β-cells, making it a promising option for treating type 2 diabetes (8).

VIP also improves fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, and glucose use in cytotrophoblast cells, which benefits placental function and fetal development. While these findings suggest VIP could be useful for treating metabolic disorders and pregnancy-related complications, its short half-life limits its clinical use (9).

Cardiovascular Actions: Studies suggest that VIP plays a critical role in cardiovascular regulation, acting as a potent vasodilator that is 50–100 times stronger than acetylcholine. VIP enhances coronary blood flow, reduces vascular resistance, and improves cardiac contractility and heart rate. It also supports ventricular-vascular coupling by lowering arterial pressure (10).

During atrial fibrillation, elevated serum VIP levels correlate with low-voltage areas in the left atrium, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive biomarker for improved clinical management. These findings highlight VIP’s importance in maintaining cardiovascular function and its diagnostic potential (11).

Potential Tissue Protective and Anti-Cell Death Actions: Research on Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide has demonstrated its tissue-protective and anti-cell-death properties through its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies in rheumatoid arthritis models have shown that VIP reduces pathogenic antibody production and promotes regulatory T cell activity, mitigating tissue damage (3).

In lambs, VIP administration decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, reducing systemic inflammation. While VIP did not affect tight junction mRNA expression, its ability to lower inflammation highlights its potential in protecting tissues from damage in inflammatory conditions (12).

Buy VIP Peptide Nasal Spray from Peptide Works. The spray is available in 15ml and 30ml glass bottles, offering a simple, needle-free method of administration.

References

(1) E Gonzalez-Rey and M Delgado (2005) Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in inflammation and autoimmunity – Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 2005 Nov, Volume 6 (Issue 11), Pages 1116-23.

(2) C Martínez, Y Juarranz, I Gutiérrez-Cañas, et al (2019) A Clinical Approach for the Use of VIP Axis in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases – Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Dec 20, Volume 21 (Issue 1), Page 65.

(3) J Leceta, M I Garin, and C Conde (2021) Mechanism of Immunoregulatory Properties of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the K/BxN Mice Model of Autoimmune Arthritis – Frontiers in Immunology, 2021 Jul 16, Volume 12, Page 701862.

(4) S Onoue, S Yamada, and T Yajima (2007) Bioactive analogues and drug delivery systems of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) for the treatment of asthma/COPD – Peptides, Volume 28, Issue 9, September 2007, Pages 1640-1650.

(5) J Georges Youssef, P Lavin, D A Schoenfeld, et al (2022) The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial -Critical Care Medicine, 2022 Nov 1, Volume 50 (Issue 11), Pages 1545-1554. 

(6) C Abad, C Martinez, M G. Juarranz, et al (2003) Therapeutic effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid mice model of Crohn’s disease – Gastroenterology, 2003 Apr, Volume 124 (Issue 4), Pages 961-71.

(7) M Iwasaki, Y Akiba, and J D Kaunitz (2019) Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system – F1000 Research, 2019 Sep 12, Volume 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1629.

(8) X Hou, D Yang, G Yang, et al (2022) Therapeutic potential of vasoactive intestinal peptide and its receptor VPAC2 in type 2 diabetes – Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne), 2022 Sep 20, Volume 13, Page 984198.

(9) F Merech, B Lara, D Rios, et al (2025) Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces metabolic rewiring of human-derived cytotrophoblast cells to promote cell migration – Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molecular Cell Research, Volume 1872, Issue 2, February 2025, 119886.

(10) R J Henning and D R Sawmiller (2001) Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects – Cardiovascular Research, Volume 49, Issue 1, January 2001, Pages 27–37.

(11) K Nishino, T Temma, H Natsui, et al (2025) Serum Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as a Novel Biomarker for Low‐Voltage Areas in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation – Jounal of American Heart Association, 2025 Apr, Volume 14 (Issue 7), Page e039192.

(12) G K Mia, E Hawley, M Yusuf, et al (2024) The impact of exogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on inflammatory responses and mRNA expression of tight junction genes in lambs fed a high-grain diet – Journal of Animal Science, 2024 Oct 13, Volume 102: skae309.